RESUME

ESTABLISHMENT AND GROWTH OF CULTURES AT HARDLY AFFORESTABLE AREAS IN KRKONOŠE
Horst Kriegel (pp. 352 - 353)

There are many localities in montane regions where the natural regeneration cannot be expected for a heavy weed infestation of the sites, absence of appropriate forest stands e.t.c. This namely applies to sites of bracken or grass (Athyrium distentifolium or Calamagrostis) cover.

Classical hole planting into bracken cover fails due to high losses caused by plant shading and competitive growth of bracken. A special technology was tested, which involved hole preparation in advance before planting and consequent control of bracken rizom growth in the planting hole by mulching shield. Namely mulching shield with a smooth paper board proved good. Shields were left over the prepared holes fixed by stones. Prior the planting, the shields were removed, the soil with remnants of rhizoms was spudded.

After planting the container plants shields were again placed over the holes to prevent the growth of weeds.

During a 4-year investigation of cultures development, the applicability of the tested technological procedure was proved. The tested tree species of European beech, sycamore, and Norway spruce showed a relatively favourable survival rate in consequence of competitive bracken growth control and increased soil moisture. Zero-loss growth of plastic covered plants is significant.

EIGHT-TOOTHED SPRUCE BARK BEETLE (Ips typographus) - MOUNTAIN FORESTS PEST
Václav Skuhravý (pp. 370 - 373)

During a huge outbreak of typographer bark beetle in the after-war period 1943-1955 over the whole Middle Europe, this bark beetle appeared from Switzerland and Austria to North Germany, and from Rhein in the west to southern Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary in the east. Calculations and estimates assumed more than 30 millions of spruce wood had been infected. The calamity was a second in order but the first in magnitude. The bark beetle affected spruce stands namely in areas passed over by the war, in altitude range of 150-600 m. The fact the damage occurred namely in low locations, lowlands and moderate uplands, arouse consideration the bark beetle represented a species of low altitudes and almost all previous calamities being about Europe from the half of the 18th century above all in high altitudes were forgotten. The author explains the origin of this illusion by data on the species distribution, knowledge of the pest’s migration e.t.c. He demurs to the history of the fading pest outbreak in the NP Bayerischer Wald. He compares the situation of national parks Bayerischer Wald and Šumava and describes the regeneration process of devastated stands in the Bayerischer Wald left to spontaneous development. He comments the knowledge of impacts on the water regime in damaged areas.